这是一个关于品行障碍（Conduct Disorder, CD）的双语介绍。品行障碍是一种较为严重的儿童和青少年心理行为障碍，了解其表现和应对方式对于引导孩子重回正轨至关重要。

🧠 1. 核心定义

品行障碍（Conduct Disorder, CD）是一种在儿童和青少年时期出现的重复性、持续性的行为模式。表现为违反与其年龄相适应的社会规范或基本道德准则，且侵犯了他人的基本权利。

Conduct Disorder (CD) is a repetitive and persistent behavioral pattern found in children and adolescents. It is characterized by violating age-appropriate social norms or basic moral rules and infringing upon the fundamental rights of others.

关键认知：

-   不仅仅是“调皮”： 这种行为不是偶尔的情绪爆发，而是长期、稳定存在的模式，且严重程度远超同龄人的正常调皮捣蛋。

-   Not Just "Naughty": This behavior is not an occasional emotional outburst, but a long-term, stable pattern that is far more severe than normal childhood naughtiness.

📋 2. 核心症状分类

品行障碍的症状通常分为攻击性行为和反社会行为两大类：

中文名称   英文名称   具体表现

攻击性行为   Aggressive Behavior   攻击人或动物（如打架、欺凌、使用武器）、言语侮辱、强迫他人发生性行为。(Aggression toward people or animals (e.g., fighting, bullying, using weapons), verbal abuse, coercing others into sexual acts.)

反社会行为   Antisocial Behavior   破坏财物（纵火）、偷窃（入室盗窃）、欺诈、逃学、离家出走。(Destruction of property (e.g., arson), theft (e.g., shoplifting), deceitfulness, truancy, running away from home.)

🔍 3. 识别与评估

诊断要点：

-   频率与严重性： 这些行为必须反复出现，且对他人或社会造成了实质性的伤害或困扰。

-   排除其他因素： 需要排除药物滥用、脑损伤或精神病性障碍（如精神分裂症）直接引起的生理原因。

-   Diagnostic Points:

   -   Frequency & Severity: These behaviors must recur persistently and cause substantial harm or disturbance to others or society.

   -   Rule Out Other Factors: Physiological causes directly caused by substance abuse, brain injury, or psychotic disorders (e.g., schizophrenia) must be ruled out.

🤝 4. 应对与干预策略

与ADHD不同，品行障碍的药物治疗效果有限，主要依赖心理和社会干预：

-   家长管理训练：

   -   教导父母如何建立清晰的规则、使用一致的奖惩措施，以及如何与孩子进行有效沟通，减少家庭冲突。

   > Parent Management Training (PMT):

   -   Teaches parents how to establish clear rules, use consistent rewards and punishments, and communicate effectively with their child to reduce family conflict.

-   认知行为疗法：

   -   帮助孩子识别和改变扭曲的思维模式（如“别人都在针对我”），学习情绪调节和解决问题的技巧。

   > Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT):

   -   Helps the child identify and change distorted thinking patterns (e.g., "Everyone is against me") and learn emotional regulation and problem-solving skills.

-   多系统治疗：

   -   这是一种综合性的社区治疗方法，同时介入家庭、学校、同伴群体和社区环境，全方位地改变导致不良行为的环境因素。

   > Multisystemic Therapy (MST):

   -   A comprehensive community-based approach that intervenes simultaneously in the family, school, peer group, and community environments to change the environmental factors contributing to the behavior.

💡 核心理念：

“严厉的惩罚往往无效，甚至可能适得其反。” 建立温暖的亲子关系和清晰的界限，比单纯的打骂更有效。

"Harsh punishment is often ineffective and can even backfire." Building a warm parent-child relationship and clear boundaries is more effective than simple corporal punishment.

来源: 千问