“燕山雪花大如席,片片吹落轩辕台。”《中国天文年历》显示,12月07日11时46分迎来2022年“大雪”节气。

The twenty-first solar term of 2022 , Major Snow (Daxue in Chinese), falls on December 7th at 11:46, when the longitude of the Sun reaches 255º. As the cold wave travels south, snowfall range will expand further. In the north, thousands of miles of land will be covered will snow and ice, while in the south, the sky and the air will be filled with silver fluttering snowflakes.

天象预报

大雪 major snow——冬至 winter solstice

太阳

从蛇夫座运行至人马座。目前太阳活动性有所增强,太阳正面有数群黑子,可通过带减光的望远镜观测。

The Sun travels from Ophiuchus to Sagittarius. Currently, solar activities are increasinig, with a few groups of sunspots on its surface. They can be observed through a telescope with a solar filter.

月亮

12月8日02:43火星合月,12:08望。当晚,我国可见明亮的满月和火星一起相伴从东北方地平线升起,整夜可见。欧洲、北美等地在7日晚还可见月掩火星的天象。

The moon is at conjunction with Mars at 02:43 on December 8th. It reaches full moon at 12:08. At that night, a bright full moon will rise together with Mars from China's north-eastern horizon, remaining visible for the whole night. In Europe and North America, the lunar occultation of Mars can be seen on December 7th.

水星

在人马座顺行。12月21日23时,水星东大距,日距离角约20°。日落后可向西南方低空用望远镜尝试观测。

Mercury travels in prograde motion in Sagittarius. It is at the greatest eastern elongation on December 21th at 23 ,with an 20° angular distance from the sun. It can be observed in the lower southwestern sky after sunset with a telescope.

金星

在人马座顺行。日落后可向西南方低空用望远镜尝试观测。

Venus travels in prograde motion in Sagittarius. It can be observed in the lower southwestern sky after sunset with a telescope.

火星

在金牛座逆行,12月8日14时火星冲日。日落后,明亮的火星从东北方升起,整夜可见。火星冲日前后是一年中观测条件最好的时期。

Mars travels in retrograde motion in Taurus. It reaches opposition with the sun on December 8th at 14. The bright Mars rises after sunset and remains observable all night. Mars near opposition is in the best time of the year to observe.

木星

在双鱼座顺行。入夜后明亮的木星位于南方天空,前半夜可以观测。

Jupiter travels in prograde motion in Pisces. At dusk, the bright Jupiter appears in the southern sky and can be observed in the earlier portion of the night.

土星

在摩羯座顺行。入夜后位于西南方天空,晚上10时左右落下。

Saturn travels in prograde motion in Capricornus. It appears in the southwestern sky at nightfall and sets at 10 p.m.

流星雨

12月4日至12月20日,作为北半球三大流星雨之一的双子座流星雨进入活跃期,其中极大期预计出现在12月14日21时,天顶每时出现率(ZHR)为150。辐射点在入夜后即自东北偏东方升起,但在23点后会受月光影响。

From December 4th to 20th, one of the three major meteor showers in the northern hemisphere, the Geminid Meteor Shower enters its active period. The meteor shower will reach maximum at 2l:00 on December 14th. Its Zenithal Hourly Rate (ZHR) is 150. The radiant will rise from east-northeast after sunset; however, the visibility of the meteor shower will be affected by moonlight after 23:00.

小知识:火星的卫星

火卫一

在西方神话中,火星被誉为战神,名叫马尔斯(Mars),火星有两颗不规则的小卫星——火卫一和火卫二,它们是由美国天文学家阿萨夫·霍尔在1877年8月观测发现的,随后霍尔以战神之子的名字将它们分别命名为福波斯(Phobos,意为“恐惧”)和得摩斯(Deimos,意为“恐怖”)。

火卫一的尺寸约为27千米×22千米×18千米,距离火星表面只有约6000千米,公转周期约8小时,每天可绕火星运行3周,由于它比火星自转的速度还快,因此在火星上看来,它是西升东落地运行的。火卫一每隔一个世纪就会向火星靠近20米,这意味着它在大约1100万年后要么撞向火星表面,要么被潮汐力撕碎分裂成一个围绕火星运动的环。

火卫二尺寸约为15千米×12千米×10千米,轨道高度约为20000千米,每30小时左右绕火星运行1周。监测发现,火卫二正在慢慢远离火星。

火星的这些小卫星的起源尚不清楚,但大多数科学家认为它们是被火星引力捕获的小行星。

轮值主编:张水乃

制作、编辑:王科超

英文版设计:朱曼清

(金陵中学)ZHU manqing

来源: 紫金山天文台