这是一个关于智力缺陷儿童（Intellectual Developmental Disorder, IDD）的双语介绍。为了更符合现代医学和心理学的规范，我使用了“智力发育障碍”这一术语，它涵盖了以往常说的“智力低下”或“精神发育迟滞”。

🧠 1. 核心定义

智力发育障碍（Intellectual Developmental Disorder, IDD）是一种在发育期间（通常是18岁以前）出现的神经发育障碍。它主要表现为智力功能（如推理、学习、问题解决）显著低于平均水平，同时伴有适应功能的缺陷（如沟通、社交、自理能力）。

Intellectual Developmental Disorder (IDD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that appears during the developmental period (usually before the age of 18). It is characterized by significant limitations in intellectual functioning (e.g., reasoning, learning, problem-solving) and deficits in adaptive functioning (e.g., communication, social skills, self-care).

关键认知：

-   双重标准： 诊断不仅看智商（IQ）分数，更要看实际生活能力。

-   并非绝症： 虽然是终身状况，但通过早期干预和训练，孩子的生活质量可以得到显著提高。

-   Key Points:

   -   Dual Criteria: Diagnosis depends not only on IQ scores but also on practical life skills.

   -   Not a Dead End: Although it is a lifelong condition, the child's quality of life can be significantly improved through early intervention and training.

📊 2. 严重程度分级

根据智商（IQ）分数和适应功能水平，通常分为四个等级：

中文名称   英文名称   特征描述

轻度   Mild   最常见。IQ 50-69。儿童在学业上可能落后，但成年后通常能从事简单工作，具备基本自理能力。(Most common. IQ 50-69. Children may lag academically but can usually hold simple jobs and manage basic self-care as adults.)

中度   Moderate   IQ 35-49。需要较多的指导和训练。在监督下可从事简单劳动，生活自理需要帮助。(IQ 35-49. Requires more guidance and training. Can perform simple labor under supervision but needs help with self-care.)

重度   Severe   IQ 20-34。需要全天候的监护。沟通能力有限，可能仅能掌握基本的自理技能（如进食）。(IQ 20-34. Requires round-the-clock supervision. Limited communication skills, may only master basic self-care like eating.)

极重度   Profound   IQ (IQ  Rehabilitation Training:

   -   Sensory Integration: Improves sensory processing and physical coordination.

   -   Speech Therapy: Enhances comprehension and expressive abilities.

   -   Self-care Training: Basic survival skills like dressing, toileting, and grooming.

-   特殊教育：

   -   制定个别化教育计划（IEP），教学内容侧重于生活适应和功能性技能。

   > Special Education:

   -   Develop Individualized Education Programs (IEP) focusing on life adaptation and functional skills.

-   家庭支持：

   -   父母需要心理支持和喘息服务，社会应提供包容的环境。

   > Family Support:

   -   Parents need psychological support and respite care; society should provide an inclusive environment.

💡 核心理念：

“每个孩子都有发展的权利。” 尊重他们的节奏，发掘他们身上的闪光点，帮助他们有尊严地生活。

"Every child has the right to develop." Respect their pace, discover their strengths, and help them live with dignity.

来源: 千问